Jean Twenge

Researcher of generational differences and Professor of Psychology, San Diego State University

Research Expertise

generations
personality
social psychology
gender roles
Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Education
Finance
Strategy and Management
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Clinical Psychology
Sociology and Political Science
Applied Psychology
Business and International Management
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Environmental Engineering
Developmental and Educational Psychology
Anthropology
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Management Science and Operations Research
Biological Psychiatry
Psychiatry and Mental health
Gender Studies
History and Philosophy of Science
Health Informatics
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Cultural Studies
Communication
History
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Human-Computer Interaction
Life-span and Life-course Studies
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Epidemiology
Health (social science)
Automotive Engineering
Industrial relations
Geriatrics and Gerontology
Behavioral Neuroscience

About

Jean M. Twenge, Professor of Psychology at San Diego State University, is the author of more than 180 scientific publications and seven books, including *Generations*: *The Real Differences between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers and Silents—and What They Mean for America’s Future* and *iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood*. She holds a BA and MA from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. She writes the Generation Tech substack.

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Publications

Generational Differences in Work Values: Leisure and Extrinsic Values Increasing, Social and Intrinsic Values Decreasing
Journal of Management
2010
iGen: Why Today's Super-connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood-and What That Means for the Rest of Us by Jean Twenge (review)
Group
2018
If you can't join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2001
Social exclusion impairs self-regulation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2005
Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2007
That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, restrained eating, and math performance.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1998
A Review of the Empirical Evidence on Generational Differences in Work Attitudes
Journal of Business and Psychology
2010
Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time
Clinical Psychological Science
2017
Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative.
Motivation Science
2014
Egos Inflating Over Time: A Cross‐Temporal Meta‐Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Journal of Personality
2008
Parenthood and Marital Satisfaction: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Journal of Marriage and Family
2003
Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2002
Generational differences in psychological traits and their impact on the workplace
Journal of Managerial Psychology
2008
Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children's depression inventory: A meta-analysis.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
2002
The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952-1993.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2000
Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators and suicide-related outcomes in a nationally representative dataset, 2005–2017.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
2019
Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis
Sex Roles
1997
“Isn’t It Fun to Get the Respect That We’re Going to Deserve?” Narcissism, Social Rejection, and Aggression
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
2003
Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2003
Generational differences in young adults' life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966–2009.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2012
Interpersonal Rejection as a Determinant of Anger and Aggression
Personality and Social Psychology Review
2006
Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world
Journal of Research in Personality
2003
Age and Birth Cohort Differences in Self-Esteem: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Personality and Social Psychology Review
2001
Race and self-esteem: Meta-analyses comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians and comment on Gray-Little and Hafdahl (2000).
Psychological Bulletin
2002
Self-Esteem and Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analytic Review
Personality and Social Psychology Review
2002
Social exclusion causes self-defeating behavior.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2002
Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study
Preventive Medicine Reports
2018
Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI
Clinical Psychology Review
2010
It's Beyond My Control: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Increasing Externality in Locus of Control, 1960-2002
Personality and Social Psychology Review
2004
Trends in U.S. Adolescents’ media use, 1976–2016: The rise of digital media, the decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print.
Psychology of Popular Media Culture
2019
Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology.
Emotion
2018
Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me
Medical Education
2009
Attitudes Toward Women, 1970–1995
Psychology of Women Quarterly
1997
Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2001
Birth Cohort Increases in Narcissistic Personality Traits Among American College Students, 1982–2009
Social Psychological and Personality Science
2010
Gender Differences in Domain-Specific Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis
Review of General Psychology
2009
Trends in Mood and Anxiety Symptoms and Suicide-Related Outcomes Among U.S. Undergraduates, 2007–2018: Evidence From Two National Surveys
Journal of Adolescent Health
2019
Cultural suppression of female sexuality.
Review of General Psychology
2002
It's the thought that counts: The role of hostile cognition in shaping aggressive responses to social exclusion.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2009
U.S. Census Bureau‐assessed prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in 2019 and during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic
Depression and Anxiety
2020
Thwarting the Need to Belong: Understanding the Interpersonal and Inner Effects of Social Exclusion
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
2007
Less in-person social interaction with peers among U.S. adolescents in the 21st century and links to loneliness
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
2019
Masculine and Feminine Traits on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, 1993–2012: a Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Sex Roles
2016
Changes in American Adults’ Sexual Behavior and Attitudes, 1972–2012
Archives of Sexual Behavior
2015
Generational Changes in Materialism and Work Centrality, 1976-2007
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
2013
The effect of social networking websites on positive self-views: An experimental investigation
Computers in Human Behavior
2012
Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Journal of Clinical Psychology
2020
Gender differences in associations between digital media use and psychological well‐being: Evidence from three large datasets
Journal of Adolescence
2020
Media Use Is Linked to Lower Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Three Datasets
Psychiatric Quarterly
2019
The Evidence for Generation Me and Against Generation We
Emerging Adulthood
2013
Trait Self-Objectification in Women: Affective and Personality Correlates
Journal of Research in Personality
2002
The Disruptive Effect of Self-Objectification on Performance
Psychology of Women Quarterly
2006
Declines in Trust in Others and Confidence in Institutions Among American Adults and Late Adolescents, 1972–2012
Psychological Science
2014
Changes in Young People's Sexual Behavior and Attitudes, 1943–1999: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Review of General Psychology
2005
Decreases in self-reported sleep duration among U.S. adolescents 2009–2015 and association with new media screen time
Sleep Medicine
2017
Tuning in to psychological change: Linguistic markers of psychological traits and emotions over time in popular U.S. song lyrics.
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
2011
Generational Increases in Agentic Self-evaluations among American College Students, 1966–2009
Self and Identity
2012
Mapping the scale of the narcissism epidemic: Increases in narcissism 2002–2007 within ethnic groups
Journal of Research in Personality
2008
Attitudes Toward Women’s Work and Family Roles in the United States, 1976–2013
Psychology of Women Quarterly
2015
The Decline in Adult Activities Among U.S. Adolescents, 1976–2016
Child Development
2017
Changes in the need for social approval, 1958–2001
Journal of Research in Personality
2007
More Time on Technology, Less Happiness? Associations Between Digital-Media Use and Psychological Well-Being
Current Directions in Psychological Science
2019
Further Evidence of an Increase in Narcissism Among College Students
Journal of Personality
2008
Birth cohort changes in extraversion: a cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1966–1993
Personality and Individual Differences
2001
Increases in Positive Self-Views Among High School Students
Psychological Science
2008
Birth Cohort Differences in Self-Esteem, 1988–2008: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Review of General Psychology
2010
Generational Differences Are Real and Useful
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
2015
Replenishing connectedness: Reminders of social activity reduce aggression after social exclusion
British Journal of Social Psychology
2007
Changes in American Adults’ Reported Same-Sex Sexual Experiences and Attitudes, 1973–2014
Archives of Sexual Behavior
2016
Fitting In or Standing Out: Trends in American Parents' Choices for Children’s Names, 1880–2007
Social Psychological and Personality Science
2010
Increases in Individualistic Words and Phrases in American Books, 1960–2008
PLoS ONE
2012
Time Period and Birth Cohort Differences in Depressive Symptoms in the U.S., 1982–2013
Social Indicators Research
2014
Placing Job Characteristics in Context: Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Changes in Job Characteristics Since 1975
Journal of Management
2016
Automatic emotion regulation after social exclusion: Tuning to positivity.
Emotion
2011
Changes in Pronoun Use in American Books and the Rise of Individualism, 1960-2008
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
2012
A Little Acceptance Goes a Long Way
Social Psychological and Personality Science
2010
Generational and Time Period Differences in American Adolescents’ Religious Orientation, 1966–2014
PLOS ONE
2015
Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness
Journal of Adolescence
2021
Social Exclusion Increases Aggression and Self-Defeating Behavior while Reducing Intelligent Thought and Prosocial Behavior
Social Psychology of Inclusion and Exclusion
2004
Who are the Millennials? Empirical evidence for generational differences in work values, attitudes and personality
Managing the New Workforce
2012
Why increases in adolescent depression may be linked to the technological environment
Current Opinion in Psychology
2020
Not all screen time is created equal: associations with mental health vary by activity and gender
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
2020
Declines in Sexual Frequency among American Adults, 1989–2014
Archives of Sexual Behavior
2017
What is a Feminist?
Psychology of Women Quarterly
1999
Associations between screen time and sleep duration are primarily driven by portable electronic devices: evidence from a population-based study of U.S. children ages 0–17
Sleep Medicine
2019
The Social Self
Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition
2012
Sexual Inactivity During Young Adulthood Is More Common Among U.S. Millennials and iGen: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Having No Sexual Partners After Age 18
Archives of Sexual Behavior
2016
Increases in Depression, Self‐Harm, and Suicide Among U.S. Adolescents After 2012 and Links to Technology Use: Possible Mechanisms
Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice
2020
Does Online Social Media Lead to Social Connection or Social Disconnection?
Journal of College and Character
2013
Fuzzy But Useful Constructs: Making Sense of the Differences Between Generations
Work, Aging and Retirement
2017
Birth Cohort Differences in the Monitoring the Future Dataset and Elsewhere: Further Evidence for Generation Me—Commentary on Trzesniewski & Donnellan (2010)
Perspectives on Psychological Science
2010
Mapping Gender
Psychology of Women Quarterly
1999
Teaching Generation Me
Teaching of Psychology
2012
Underestimating digital media harm
Nature Human Behaviour
2020
The Great Recession
Social Psychological and Personality Science
2013

Education

University of Michigan

Ph.D., Psychology / May, 1998

Ann Arbor

University of Chicago

Sociology / June, 1993

Chicago

Experience

San Diego State University

Professor / August, 2001Present

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